If you were to think of your body as your home, your immune system is your built-in housekeeper, grounds crew
and bodyguard. The immune system has distinct organs, tissues and cells that work with other systems and
organs within your body with the overall purpose of keeping every part of you healthy and functioning
normally.
Your immune system tends to your body much in the same way you take care of your home. There are different
functions, processes and responses that happen daily, seasonally and on demand. Your immune system
interprets and reacts to everything you experience in the world. These things are happening without your
even thinking about it. Your immune system manages your body day in and day out, helping to ensure your
foundation is strong, your basement is dry and your rooms are tidy, so to speak.
What is the immune system?
The immune system includes your skin, bone marrow, bloodstream, tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymphatic system and
mucosal tissues, including those in the linings of your eyes, nose, mouth, respiratory tract and digestive
tract. Though you have a specific system dedicated to immunity, you also have immune cells in every organ
and system within in your body. This is a good reminder that everything within the body is connected.
All of your immune cells originate from precursors in your bone marrow, and your immune cells travel through
the body via your bloodstream, keeping tabs on everything that’s happening in your systems, organs and
tissues. Your lymphatic system contains lymphatic fluid and lymph nodes, which help your tissues and
bloodstream communicate. Lymph nodes are located throughout your body, and they serve as hubs for the immune
cells to gather and plan.
The roles of the immune system
Your immune system is designed to serve many functions, including:
- Maintaining your microbiome, the balance of flora in your gut
- Natural detoxification, including removing old or dead cells and debris leftover from bodily processes
- Supporting the body against foreign bodies
- Repairing cells and tissues
Types of immunity
Your body has two basic forms of immunity, innate and adaptive. Your innate (or non-specific) immune system
is primitive, and it’s designed to be your first response. It includes your skin, white blood cells and
mucosal linings.
One major way the immune system gathers information is via the gut lining, as the digestive system is an
important part of how we interact with the world. More than half of our immune cells that produce antibodies
are located within the small intestine and appendix.
Your adaptive immune system is more complex, and it serves as backup for your innate immune functions. It’s
designed to focus on specific outsiders or invaders, both new and those that have been previously
identified, then take action as needed. If you think of your home, this is like setting your security system
or checking the batteries in your smoke alarm, so they can alert you if needed. You could also think of your
body as an exclusive club — your adaptive immune system has a list to keep people out and let those who are
approved in.
Though your immune system is your natural defense system, it is intelligent and highly attuned. It is
naturally designed to respond after assessing a situation and weighing its options. Both types of your
immunity work together.
In addition, there is passive immunity, which includes the support babies get from their moms at birth.
Most of the time, we don’t give a second thought to our immune system. It’s there, behind the scenes, tidying
up and keeping your “home” safe.